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Qital means fighting or combat. It is more specific than the broader term Jihad, which literally conveys striving or exertion and is not limited in meaning to armed combat.
Salah is the Arabic term for the prescribed ritual prayer, commonly called Namaz in South Asia. It is one of the five pillars of Islam and is performed at appointed times each day.
The five daily obligatory prayers are Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha. Optional, funeral, Eid and Friday prayers have distinct rulings and should not be confused with the daily five.
The total is 17 Fard rakahs: 2 in Fajr, 4 in Zuhr, 4 in Asr, 3 in Maghrib and 4 in Isha. This count concerns the obligatory units only, not Sunnah or Witr prayers.
Fajr has two Fard rakahs. It is the obligatory dawn prayer and is the shortest of the five daily obligatory prayers in terms of Fard units.
Maghrib has three Fard rakahs. It is performed after sunset, distinguishing it from Zuhr, Asr and Isha, each of which has four Fard rakahs.
Surah Al-Baqarah 2:144 commands the Prophet (PBUH) and believers to turn their faces toward Al-Masjid al-Haram. This verse establishes the Kaaba in Makkah as the Qibla for Salah.
Surah An-Nisa 4:102 describes arrangements for prayer while facing danger. This prayer is known as Salat al-Khawf, or the prayer of fear, and must not be confused with a prayer seeking rain.
Surah Al-Maidah 5:6 instructs believers preparing for prayer to wash the face and arms, wipe the head and wash the feet. The same verse also addresses purification when water is unavailable.
Tayammum is purification using clean earth when water is unavailable or its use is not possible. Surah Al-Maidah 5:6 mentions it alongside the instructions for Wudu.
Adhan is the call to prayer that announces the entry of a prayer time and invites Muslims to Salah. Iqamah is a related, shorter call made when the congregational prayer is about to begin.
Hazrat Bilal ibn Rabah (RA) is renowned as the first Muadhdhin, the caller to prayer, in Islam. His association with the Adhan is a central fact in early Islamic history.
A narration in Sahih al-Bukhari states that prayer in congregation exceeds prayer offered alone by twenty-seven degrees. This is the basis for the frequently tested figure of 27 in Islamic Studies MCQs.
Surah Al-Jumuah 62:9 directs believers, when called to prayer on Friday, to proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. The verse is the clear Quranic basis for the special Friday congregational prayer.
Salat al-Kusuf is the prayer associated with a solar eclipse. Sahih al-Bukhari records that when the sun eclipsed during the Prophet's lifetime, he led the people in prayer.
Salat al-Istisqa is the prayer for seeking rain from Allah. It is distinct from Salat al-Khawf, which relates to danger, and Salat al-Kusuf, which relates to an eclipse.
Surah Al-Isra 17:79 refers to rising during part of the night for an additional prayer, commonly identified as Tahajjud. It is an optional night devotion, not one of the five obligatory daily prayers.
Salat al-Janazah is the funeral prayer offered for a deceased Muslim. It is performed standing and includes supplication for the deceased rather than the bowing and prostration found in ordinary Salah.
Salat al-Janazah is commonly offered with four Takbirs. Sahih al-Bukhari records that the Prophet (PBUH) announced the death of the Negus and offered the funeral prayer with four Takbirs.
Eid al-Fitr is observed at the completion of Ramadan, on the first day of Shawwal. Its congregational prayer is connected with gratitude after completing the month of obligatory fasting.
Eid al-Adha falls on the tenth of Dhu al-Hijjah during the Hajj season. It is associated with sacrifice, while Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan.
Pilgrims gather for Wuquf at Arafat on the ninth of Dhu al-Hijjah. Standing at Arafat is the central rite of Hajj, followed by departure toward Muzdalifah.
Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:97 states that pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by people who are able to make the journey. This verse is a primary Quranic basis for the obligation of Hajj.
Surah Al-Baqarah 2:158 describes Safa and Marwah as among the symbols of Allah. Pilgrims perform Saee between them as part of Hajj or Umrah.
A narration reported in Jami al-Tirmidhi states that the first deed for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Judgment is Salah. This highlights the central place of prayer in Islamic worship.