Practice the full verified FPSC past-paper collection in one place. Every MCQ includes paper reference, category tag, answer and explanation.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) founded 4 April 1949. HQ: Brussels, Belgium. 32 members. Latest member: Sweden (March 2024). Official languages: English & French.
FATF (Financial Action Task Force) HQ: Paris, France. Purpose: Combat money laundering and terrorism financing. 37 full member countries. Works with FATF grey/black list to pressure countries.
COP = Conference of Parties. Main decision-making body under UNFCCC. First COP held 1995 Berlin. COP29 held in Baku, Azerbaijan in November 2024. Theme 2024: Solidarity for a greener world.
IMF SBA (Stand-By Arrangement) provides short-term financial assistance to countries facing balance of payments problems. It comes with strict economic reform conditions — not free grants.
Ukraine and Russia are world's largest wheat exporters. Black Sea conflict/blockage mainly disrupts wheat and grain trade. Ukraine is called one of the 'breadbaskets of the world.'
Airport Security Force (ASF) mission includes all three: preventing unlawful interference, adopting counter-terrorism measures, and preventing crime at airports. All are equally part of ASF's core mandate.
Supply Chain Resilience is the ability to withstand and recover from disruptions like natural disasters, wars, pandemics, or transport failures — ensuring continuous flow of goods and services.
Europe is the only continent without a desert. It has temperate climate with sufficient rainfall. Area: 10.18 million km². Second smallest continent, divided by the Ural Mountains.
2026 Winter Olympics: Italy (Milan & Cortina d'Ampezzo), 6–22 Feb 2026. 2024 Summer Olympics: France. 2022 Winter Olympics: China. 2028 Summer Olympics: USA.
The correct answer is C: 10. ASEAN has 10 member countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste have observer status.
Ottawa is Canada's capital, chosen by Queen Victoria in 1857. Official languages: English & French. Currency: Canadian Dollar. Located in North America. Second largest country by area.
The correct answer is B: 1954. Pakistan joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954, a defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist expansion in the region. Pakistan's membership in SEATO reflected its strategic alignment with Western powers during the Cold War era.
Vatican City is world's smallest country: 0.44 km². Located inside Rome, Italy. HQ of Roman Catholic Church. Residence of the Pope.
ICJ HQ: The Hague, Netherlands. Principal judicial organ of UN. Established 1945. 15 judges elected for 9-year terms. Settles legal disputes between states.
OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Secretariat: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 57 member states — second largest intergovernmental organization after UN. Established 1969. Collective voice of Muslim world.
Nobel Peace Prize 2023: Narges Mohammadi (Iran) — for fighting oppression of women in Iran and promoting human rights. She was imprisoned in Iran when prize was announced.
COP29 held in Baku, Azerbaijan at Baku Olympic Stadium, November 11–22, 2024. Theme: Solidarity for a greener world. President: Mukhtar Babayev. Previous COP28 was in Dubai, UAE.
Pacific Ocean: world's largest ocean, covering 165 million km² — larger than all Earth's land combined. It separates Asia & Australia from the Americas. Contains 50%+ of world's oceanic water.
Direct Action Day: 16 August 1946. Location: Calcutta (Kolkata). Announced by: Jinnah. Outcome: Large-scale Hindu-Muslim communal riots known as Great Calcutta Killing. Led to Partition.
SEATO founded and Pakistan joined on 8 September 1954. Cold War era military alliance. Pakistan later distanced from SEATO after 1971 war. Alliance dissolved in 1977.
AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank): Founded 16 January 2016 by China. HQ: Beijing, China. Members: ~106 countries. Focuses on infrastructure development across Asia and Oceania.
Pakistan joined UN on 30 September 1947, shortly after independence. UN has 193 members. Pakistan has been non-permanent UN Security Council member 7 times (latest 2012–2013).
Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula) in northeastern Africa. Fourth largest peninsula in world. Area: 1.883 million km². Countries: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia.
Objectives Resolution adopted 12 March 1949. Presented by PM Liaquat Ali Khan on 7 March 1949. 75 Assembly members; 21 supported; 10 minority members voted against. Became preamble of Pakistan's Constitution.
Charles Babbage (1791–1871): English polymath, Father of Computer. Designed Difference Engine and Analytical Engine featuring 'Mill' (CPU) and 'Store' (memory) — basis of modern computers.
Shimla Agreement signed 2 July 1972 in Shimla, India. Between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Pakistan) and Indira Gandhi (India). Aimed to resolve issues after 1971 war. Both agreed to settle disputes bilaterally.
Senate elections based on Single Transferable Vote (STV) system per Article 59 of Constitution. Senate: upper house of Parliament. 6-year term. Half members retire every 3 years.
Article 10-A guarantees right to fair trial and due process. Added through 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. Applies to civil rights and criminal cases.
CNN = Cable News Network. Founded 1 June 1980 by Ted Turner. First 24-hour continuous global news channel. Major American television news channel.
RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development) established 21 July 1964 by Pakistan, Iran, Turkey. Successor: ECO (1985). ECO HQ: Tehran, Iran. Purpose: Economic, technical and cultural cooperation.
Tarbela Dam: Largest dam in Pakistan. Located in Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on River Indus. Height: 485 feet. World's largest earth-filled dam. Construction 1968, completed 1976.
Pakistan is in South Asia. 5th most populous country. 2nd largest Muslim population. 33rd largest by area. Capital: Islamabad. Currency: Pakistani Rupee.
Karachi: First capital of Pakistan (1947–1959). Rawalpindi: Interim capital 1959–1967. Islamabad: Official capital from 14 August 1967. Karachi is located in Sindh province.
ICJ judges serve 9-year terms. 15 judges total. HQ: The Hague, Netherlands. One of six principal UN organs. Founded 1945. Official languages: English and French.
Mohenjo-Daro means 'Mound of the Dead Men' in Sindhi. One of largest cities of Indus Valley Civilization (3000–1500 BCE). Located in Sindh, Pakistan. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) launched in 2015. China is Pakistan's largest trading partner. Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement signed 2006. CPEC significantly boosted bilateral trade.
Social Boycott of Banu Hashim started in 7th year of Prophethood. Imposed by Quraysh of Makkah. Continued for 3 years (7th–10th Nabvi). One of the harshest trials for early Muslims.
The correct answer is C: Hazrat Adam (AH). Hazrat Adam (AS) is called 'Abu Al-Bashar,' which means 'Father of Mankind.' He is considered the first human being and the first prophet created by Allah, making him the progenitor of the entire human race.
Siachen Glacier: 76 km long. Eastern Karakoram range. Ghanche District, Gilgit-Baltistan. Height: 20,000 feet. Pakistan's largest glacier. World's 2nd largest non-polar glacier. Siachen = 'Abundance of roses'.
Indus Waters Treaty signed 19 September 1960, Karachi. Pakistan (Ayub Khan) & India (Nehru). Brokered by World Bank. Western Rivers to Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab. Eastern to India: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej.
At age 12, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ traveled to Syria with uncle Abu Talib (RA). Met Christian monk Bahira in Basra who recognized signs of prophethood.
Namaz-e-Janazah is Farz-e-Kifaya (collective obligation). No Sajdas. Performed standing. Includes 4 Takbeers. First Janazah by Prophet ﷺ was for Asad bin Zaraara (RA).
Lahore Resolution presented by A.K. Fazlul Haq (Chief Minister Bengal) on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore. Text prepared by Zafarullah Khan. Demanded separate Muslim state.
2nd Round Table Conference: 7 September – 1 December 1931, London. For constitutional reforms for British India. 1st Conference: 1930–31. 3rd Conference: Nov–Dec 1932.
Sindh (Indus) River mentioned in the ancient Rig Veda, oldest Sanskrit hymns (1500–1200 BCE). One of world's oldest civilizations flourished along its banks.
Sino-Pakistan Agreement on boundary demarcation concluded in 1963. Important Pakistan foreign policy milestone. Borders defined between Pakistan's Northern Areas and Chinese-controlled territory.
Strait of Hormuz connects Arabian Sea (Gulf of Oman) to Persian Gulf. Near Pakistan's coastline. About 20% of world's petroleum passes through it. One of world's most strategic waterways.
Lake Baikal, Russia: World's largest by volume (~23% of Earth's unfrozen freshwater). Also deepest lake (1,642m). UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lake Superior is largest by surface area.
IOC founded by French educator Pierre de Coubertin in 1894. HQ: Lausanne, Switzerland. First modern Olympics: Athens, Greece, 1896. Current IOC President: Thomas Bach.
International Olympic Committee HQ: Lausanne, Switzerland (since 1915). Founded 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin. Governs the Olympic Games held every 4 years.
Panama Canal: 77 km man-made waterway in Panama connecting Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean. Opened 1914. Vital for global shipping, cutting weeks of sea travel.
Africa has 54 recognized sovereign nations — largest number of any continent. Also world's 2nd largest continent by area (30.37 million km²) and population.
Mandarin Chinese has over 900 million native speakers — most of any language. English has most total speakers (native + second language). Mandarin is official language of China.
UN founded 24 October 1945 after World War II. Currently 193 member states. HQ: New York, USA. Major offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi. UN Day celebrated 24 October every year.
Great Wall built over centuries to defend Chinese states from nomadic Mongol invasions from the north. Also defended against Xiongnu. Total length: over 21,000 km across dynasties.
Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare (~1594–1596). Most performed play in history. Shakespeare also wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello. Called the 'Bard of Avon'.
Mona Lisa painted by Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci (~1503–1519). Housed in Louvre Museum, Paris. World's most famous painting. Also known as La Gioconda.
Speed of light in vacuum: ~299,792 km/s (rounded to 300,000 km/s). Symbol: c. Light takes ~8 minutes to travel from Sun to Earth. Fastest possible speed in universe.
Nitrogen (N₂) makes up ~78% of Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen: ~21%. Argon: ~0.93%. CO₂: ~0.04%. Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and is relatively inert chemically.
Adult human body has 206 bones. Babies born with ~270–300 bones that fuse over time. Largest bone: femur (thigh). Smallest bone: stirrup (stapes) in the ear.
Mars called Red Planet due to iron oxide (rust) on its surface. 4th planet from Sun. Two moons: Phobos and Deimos. Highest volcano in solar system: Olympus Mons on Mars.